Missionary Debate

Background:

Discuss the meaning of the words mission and missionary. Talk about what the missionaries did. The missionaries lead church services, ran schools and hospitals, taught agriculture, provided food to those who needed it, and took a role in the leadership of the community. This missionaries would also have to construct their own homesite, tend a garden, go hunting and make the long journey necessary to haul supplies. George McDougall also would make journeys back East to make reports and request funding. 

Be sure that the students realize that the missionaries work was not limited simply to church services or religion. Working as peacemakers between the warring tribes was an important part of their job, as was teaching agriculture. Both peace and the ability to live by farming in one area instead of traveling around was considered important if the natives were to be converted and the land made available for others. The missionaries also wrote letters to the government, asking that something be done to prevent the sale of alcohol, which was wreaking havoc on the natives lives.

More background information about the McDougalls and other missionaries can be found at http://www.smokylake.com/history/mission.htm 

The Debate:

The goal of this activity is to look at how a particular missionary family would have affected various people. Divide the students into pairs or groups, or let them work as individuals. Assign each student a character to play in the debate and give the student time to research, think about and discuss his character with his classmates. Then have each student make a short presentation telling something about his character and how the mission affected the character's life. Have a teacher-led debate giving the students time to reply (in character) to what one another have said.

The following are some suggested characters, together with online resources and some questions for the characters to think about. Most of the questions have more than one possible answer. 

H.B.C. Officials:
     
http://www.smokylake.com/history/paper7/preface.htm 
       What is your religious background?
       How will the natives conversion affect your business?
       How do you benefit by having a mission next to your post?

John McDougall:
     
   http://www.smokylake.com/history/missions/john.htm 
      Why are you involved in the ministry?
        What part of your job do you love most?
        What have you learned from the native people?
        How do you see Methodism benefiting the natives?
        Why do you see yourself, in particular, as being a good missionary?

An Oblate Missionary:
      
Why are you a missionary?
       Why should the natives choose your religion instead of the McDougall's religion?

Maskepetoon:
        
http://www.smokylake.com/history/missions/menoftheforest.htm
        
Why were you skeptical of Christianity to begin with?
         Why did you eventually become Christian?
         How do you think that Christianity improves your way of life?

A Cree Elder:
        http://www.smokylake.com/native/changestotheplains.htm 
      How has the life of your tribe changed over the last 50 years?
        How are the missionaries making your life easier?
        If you have not converted, then how does it feel to watch others convert?
        If you have converted, why did you choose to convert?

A young Christian Cree:
         How often do you see the missionaries?
         What benefit do you get by having the missionaries around?
         Are there times you might regret not knowing more about the spiritual beliefs of your grandparents?

A non-Christian Cree: 
          Why have you chosen not to convert?
          How are the missionaries affecting your tribe?
          How are other changes to the West affecting your people? (For example, the sale of alcohol, or the decreasing population of the buffalo.) 

A free trader:
          How does the Christian attempts to bring agriculture to the land affect your life?
          How does the mission make your life easier? Are there ways in which it makes it harder?

Georgiana McDougall:
          
http://www.smokylake.com/history/mission/georgiana.htm 
           What is it like living at the mission?
           What have you learned from the native people?
           Why do you believe your family's job is so important?

A Metis Settler:
          
http://www.smokylake.com/settlement/howseandlivingstones.htm
           How did the presence of a mission influence your decision to settle around Victoria Settlement?
           What changes did you see happening in the future?
           How do you view the native people?

Looking Beyond the McDougalls:

          Conclude the debate by reviewing the different themes and emotions discussed. Discuss how different people today feel looking back on the issue a hundred years later. Discuss some of the consequences of the missionaries, such as the loss of native culture. Discuss how the missionaries helped build up the trust that lead to the signing of treaties and the creation of reserves, but also how some of the missionaries had other ideas about how the reserves should be large enough to create an "Indian nation". Discuss the residential schools and how the government and churches worked together. Discuss the problems both the government and the churches are facing today dealing with the question of residential schools. Let it be understood that the McDougalls and other missionaries meant well, even if their actions lead into other events which were not beneficial to the native people.
    

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